Zaben Somaliland: Ko zai sa ta samu karɓuwa ga ƙasashen duniya?

Mutanen Somaliland na fatan zaɓen ranar Litinin zai kasance mizanin samun karɓuwa ga ƙasashen duniya a matsayin ƙasa mai cin gashin kanta kamar yadda mai sharhi game da yankin Mary Harper ta rubuta.

"Na matsu na kaɗa ƙuri'a ta," in ji ƴar shekara 15 Yasmin Abdi. "Ina jin kamar na girma na mallaki hankalina a yanzu, kusan kamar na mallaki wani ɓangare na ƙasata."

Cancantar yin zaɓe a cikin al'ummar da ake ɗaukar yara masu shekaru 15 da haihuwa a matsayin waɗanda suka mallaki hankalinsu, shekarun Ms Abdi daidai rabin shekarun Somaliland ne, wacce ta yi bikin cika shekara 30 a ranar 18 Mayu.

Tun ayyana ƴancin kai daga Somaliya, ba ta samu karɓuwa ba daga ƙasashen duniya amma tana ci gaba da tafiyar da harkokinta kamar ƙasa mai cin gashin kanta - tana da fasfo da kuɗinta da tuta da gwamnati da kuma sojoji.

"Somaliland na iya karewa a matsayin daya tilo a yankin gabashin Afirka da ke da kowane irin salon zaɓe na dimokaradiyya a wannan shekara," in ji Daraktan cibiyar Rift Valley, Mark Bradbury.

Mataimakin shugaban jam'iyya mai mulki Ahmed Dheere, shi ma ya goyi bayan kalaman Mr Bradbury. "Wannan zaɓe yana da muhimmancin sosai," cewarsa. "Za mu haskaka a yankin Afirka idan har muka yi nasarar yin zaɓe."

Somaliland na iya zama mafi mulkin dimokuraɗiyya fiye da wasu ƙasashe na yankin, amma tsarinta bai kammala cika ba.

Fiye da shekara 10 aka yi zaɓen ƴan majalisar. Ya kamata a gudanar da zaɓen kananan hukumomi, wanda za a gudanar a lokaci guda, shekaru hudu da suka gabata.

Babban jami'in jam'iyyar adawa ta Waddani, Hersi Ali Haji Hassan, ya ɗora laifin jinkirin kan ƴan majalisar dokoki.

"Yawancin ƴan majalisa suna da son kai da babakere. Sun yi maka ƙiba sosai a shekaru biyar a majalisa kuma ba su son sauka da kujerunsu. Kuma muna ɗora laifin ga gwamnati saboda ta cin ribar tsarin."

Kama ƴan jarida

Akwai wata matsalar kuma. A majalisar wakilan babu wani da ke wakiltar kaɓilu tsiraru, mace ɗaya ce kawai cikin ƴan majalisa 82, ko da yake wasu za su tsaya takara.

An kama ƴan adawa guda biyar dab da kaɗa ƙuri'a. Halayen gwamnati game da kafofin yada labarai suna da tauri, tare da musgunawa da kama ƴan jarida, sannan an rufe gidajen watsa labarai.

An yi ƙoƙari don hana jam'iyyun siyasa yin kusanci da kaɓilu tare da ba da shata cewa uku kawai za su iya shiga zaɓen majalisar dokoki.

Amma shugaban jam'iyyar da ke da'awar tabbatar da adalci da ci gaba (Justice and Development party), Faisal Warabe, ya yi gargaɗin cewa ƙabilanci na ci gaba da zama barazana.

"Tsarin ƙabilunmu bai dace da tsarin dimokuradiyya ba. dole mu wargaza shi. Idan ba haka ba Somaliland za ta koma kamar Yemen, inda ƙabilu za su yi hamayya da juna tare tarwatsa ƙasar," a cewarsa.

Mista Warabe yana son a rusa majalisar dattawa ta guurti, wacce ta ƙunshi da shugabannin manyan ƙabilun Somaliland.

"Mutanen da suke wurin tun 1993, kuma lokacin da wani dattijo ya mutu sai dansa ya maye gurbinsa. Wannan ba dimokiradiyya ba ne," in ji shi.

Mutanen da ke wurin su ne tun 1993, idan ɗaya daga cikinsu ya mutu ɗansa ke maye gurbinsa. Wannan ba dimokuraɗiyya ba ne," a cewarsa.

Yana da wahala a kwatanta abin da ke faruwa a Somaliland da Somaliya.

"Duk da shata iyaka, Somaliland (game da al'ummarta) tana da nisa da Somaliya, wadda ke ci gaba da nacewa kan cewa muna daga cikin yankinta amma har yanzu ba mu da ikon gudanar da zaɓe kai tsaye," in ji Abdi Ahmed wani ɗalibin jami'ar Hargeisa.

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Somaliland da Somalia:

Yankin da Birtaniya ta yi mulkin mallaka ya haɗe da Somaliya a ranar 1 ga watan Yulin 1960

Ta ayyana ƴancin kai bayan hamɓarar da shugaban sojan Somaliiya Siad Barre a 1991

Wannan na zuwa bayan rikici da ya kashe dubban mutane

Somaliland na da yawan jama'a miliyan 3.5; Somaliya miliyan 15

Shugaban Somaliya na yanzu Mohamed Abdullahi Farmajo, ya yi alƙawalin yin zaɓe na mutum-ɗaya-ƙuri'a-ɗaya a 2020, amma hakan ba ta faru ba.

Ƙasar yanzu ta shiga wani yanayi na jinkiri da tsari mai cike da ƙalubale da ya shafi zaɓen wakilan ƙabilu da za su kai ga ƴan majalisa su zaɓi sabon shugaba.

Lokacin da Mista Farmajo ya yi yunƙuri kuma ya gaza domin tsawaita wa'adin mulkinsa zuwa shekara biyu, ya raba kan jami'an tsaro, inda wasu ke goyon bayan shugaban ƙasa, wasu kuma ƴan adawa.

Bangarori daban-daban sun mamaye sassa daban-daban na babban birnin kasar, Mogadishu, kuma an yi wani kazamin rikici.

Wasu na iya ganin wani baƙon abu ne cewa ƙasar da ba ta wanzu a hukumance ba tana shirin yin zaɓe na bakwai tun lokacin da ta ɓalle daga Somalia, ƙasar da ba ta gudanar da zaɓen dimokuraɗiyya ba sama da shekaru 50 - kafin Siad Barre ya yi juyin mulki a shekarar 1969.

Tutocin ƙasashen waje a Somaliland

Yayin da aka tarwatsa Somalia daga yaƙin ƙabilanci da na masu tsattsauran ra'ayin Islama tsawon shekaru 30, Somaliland kuma na cikin zaman lafiya.

Kuma ta yi ƙoƙarin gudanar da zaɓuɓɓuka, wanda ya fi jan hankali shi ne a 2003 lokacin da Dahir Riyale Kahin ya lashe zaɓen shugaban ƙasa da rinjayen ƙuri'u kusan ƙasa da kashi ɗaya.

Zaɓen ƙarshe da aka gudanar da Somaliland shi ne a 2017. Kamar yadda shugaban ƙasa zai yi wa'adin mulki biyu na shekara biyar, zaɓe na gaba zai kasance a 2022

Ƙasashen duniya sun yi gum kan burin Somaliland na samun karbuwarsu tsawon shekara 30.

Manyan ƙasashen duniya na ganin Tarayyar Afrika ya kamata a fayyace matsayin Somaliland, wacce ke ɗari-ɗari da ɓallewar wata ƙasa a nahiyar da turawan mulkin mallaka suka shata wa iyakoki.

Amma duk da ana ganinta ba a matsayin ƙasa ba, Somaliland na jan hankali daga sassan duniya.

Yawan tutocin ƙasashen duniya da ke babban birninta Hargeisa, na ƙaruwa, yayin ƙasashe da dama ke buɗe ofisoshin jekadanci da wakilai.

Ƙasashen sun ƙunshi Djibouti da Ethiopia da Turkiyya da Birniya da Denmark da Daular Larabawa da Taiwan, da ke ganin Somaliland a matsayin ƴar uwa da ke matsayi ɗaya

Kenya, da ta daɗe tana rikici da Somalia da kuma Masar suna shirin buɗe nasu ofishin.

Somaliland na wani yanki mafi wahala a duniya. Ta kasance mashi ga tekun Aden da maliya.

Somaliland na da arzikin dabbobi - tumaki da waki da kuma raƙuma da ake fataucinsu zuwa ƙasashen larabawa.

Ana fitar da miliyoyin dabbobi duk shekara. Yankin kuma yana da wasu albarkatun ƙasa, da suka hada da arzikin fetir da kwal, da kuma kifi.

Wasu watakila ba su cire tsammani ba game da abin da zaɓukan za su yi wa Somaliland ba.

Jam'iyyar Dheere ta Kulmiye yana ganin zaɓen zai taimakawa yankin cimma burinsa.

"Idan muka samu wannan 'yancin, muna tunanin za mu samu karɓuwa," in ji shi.